The corporations subject to the size-based business taxation have been revised with the 2024 (Reiwa 6) tax reform.

Pillar Two presents a complex web of rules, Income Inclusion Rule (IIR), Qualified Domestic Minimum Top-up Tax (QDMTT), and the Undertaxed Profits Rules (UTPR), formerly known as the Undertaxed Payments Rule. Multinational enterprises (MNEs) operating in Japan will need to understand the interaction of each rule enacted under Japan's domestic legislation.

With the COVID-19 travel restrictions lifted, business travel has increased significantly. Some companies assume their employees are tax-exempt if their home country has an income tax treaty with the host country and the employee spends not more than 183 days in aggregate there.How to count the days can easily create confusion. This edition of the tax bulletin explains how to count 183 days and pitfalls you need to be aware of when counting travel days to Japan.

The global tax landscape is experiencing a historic transformation as countries implement the OECD/G20’s Pillar Two framework—an initiative designed to introduce a Global Minimum Tax (GMT) of 15% on large multinational enterprises (MNEs). Japan has taken a proactive role in adopting and legislating this framework, aligning its domestic laws with the OECD’s model rules while tailoring certain elements to suit its national tax policy objectives. This article provides an overview of the Income Inclusion Rule (IIR), Undertaxed Profits Rule (UTPR), and Qualified Domestic Minimum Top-up Tax (QDMTT) as implemented in Japan, highlights key dates, compares Japan’s approach with OECD recommendations, and explains the rules’ impact on Japanese corporations.